In 1548, João III brought Brazil under direct royal control.įearing Indian attack, he discouraged development of the territory's vast interior. The early port and sugar-cultivating settlement of São Vicente was one rare success connected to this policy. He distributed them among well-connected Portuguese, hoping that each would be self-reliant. Unwilling to shoulder the naval defense burden himself, the Portuguese ruler, King Joao III, divided the coast into "captaincies", or swathes of land, 50 leagues apart. But with English and French raiding privateer ships just off the coast, the territory had to be protected. Portugal was more interested in Africa and Asia. "Founding of São Vicente", by Benedito CalixtoĮarly European colonization of Brazil was very limited. approximately 75 percent of the population of São Paulo statewide, the first macro-metropolis in the southern hemisphere, joining 65 municipalities that together are home to 12 percent of the Brazilian population. The total population of these areas coupled with the state capital-the so-called " Expanded Metropolitan Complex of São Paulo"-exceeds 30 million inhabitants, i.e. Regions near the city of São Paulo are also metropolitan areas, such as Campinas, Santos, Sorocaba and São José dos Campos. The city of São Paulo, the homonymous state capital, is ranked as the world's 12th largest city and its metropolitan area, with 20 million inhabitants, is the 9th largest in the world and first in the Americas. Under the Vargas Era, the state was one of the first to initiate a process of industrialization and its population became one of the most urban of the federation. After independence in 1820, São Paulo began to become a major agricultural producer (mainly coffee) in the newly constituted Empire of Brazil, which ultimately created a rich regional rural oligarchy, which would switch on the command of the Brazilian government with Minas Gerais's elites during the early republican period in the 1880s. In the 18th century, after the establishment of the Province of São Paulo, the region began to gain political weight. In the 17th century, the paulistas bandeirantes intensified the exploration of the colony's interior, which eventually expanded the territorial domain of Portugal and the Portuguese Empire in South America. In 1532 Martim Afonso de Sousa would establish the first Portuguese permanent settlement in the Americas -the village of São Vicente, in the Baixada Santista. In the early 16th century, the coast of the region was visited by Portuguese and Spanish explorers and navigators.
The area that today corresponds to the state territory was already inhabited by indigenous peoples from approximately 12,000 BC. In addition, Arabs, Germans, Spanish, Japanese, Chinese, and Greeks also are present in the ethnic composition of the local population. The local population is one of the most diverse in the country and descended mostly from Italians, who began immigrating to the country in the late 19th century of the Portuguese, who colonized Brazil and installed the first European settlements in the region indigenous peoples, many distinct ethnic groups Africans, who were brought from Africa as slaves in the colonial era and migrants from other regions of the country. With more than 46 million inhabitants in 2019, São Paulo is the most populous Brazilian state, the most populous national subdivision in the Americas, and the third most populous political unit of South America, surpassed only by the rest of the Brazilian Federation and Colombia. São Paulo is also the world's twenty-eighth-most populous sub-national entity and the most populous sub-national entity in the Americas. São Paulo alone is wealthier than Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, and Bolivia combined. São Paulo also has the second-highest Human Development Index (HDI) and GDP per capita, the fourth-lowest infant mortality rate, the third-highest life expectancy, and the third-lowest rate of illiteracy among the federative units of Brazil. A major industrial complex, the state has 21.9% of the Brazilian population and is responsible for 33.9% of Brazil's GDP. São Paulo ( Portuguese pronunciation: ( listen)) is one of the 26 states of the Federative Republic of Brazil and is named after Saint Paul of Tarsus.
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